During the 1930s and 1940s the requirement to shoot lip synced dialogue on 30mm film meant that cameras and recorders became much larger and heavier, reducing portability and the ability to record spontaneous action.
by the end of the 1950s several tech advances came together including better 16mm film stock lenses for shooting with natural light and especially smaller lighter and sometimes integrated sound recorded .
by the 1962 camera operators were able to hand-hold or rest cameras on their shoulders allowing mobile shooting with minimal interference.
these new cameras and recorders enabled an entirely different style of shooting documentary film . for the first time film makers were able simply to follow their subjects around as they went about their business or to take cameras into public spaces without causing a huge disruption. these tool revitalised the documentary form in the 1960s and 1970s.
Differences
Cinema Verite
to obtain truth from the subject the presence of the film maker must be acknowledge or even discussed.
The principle method is participation between film maker and subject often through interviews
commentary is vital whether in voice over or through on screen presence
the audience is free to identify with with the film makers or the subject s position and point of view.
the film maker is a fly on the wall or in the soup intervening to get a response
Direct Cinema
To
obtain truth from the subject, the film-maker should be as unobtrusive as
possible.
The
principal method is observation of subjects behaving within their environment.
Commentary
is minimal or absent so that subjects can speak for themselves.
The
audience members should forget the film-makers and feel as if they’re in the
room with the subjects.
The
film-maker is a ‘fly on the wall’, watching but practically invisible.
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